Publications

The right to reliable sanitation and drinking water supply services is a vital issue for all populations, and one that is particularly acute in the overseas territories. The proliferation of difficulties in the 2010s was characterised by a collapse in the quality of certain services. This led to wat...

At a time when France has set itself the target of becoming fossil natural gas-free by 2050, biogas represents a major lever for this transition. What's more, the crisis in energy prices between 2021 and 2023 has highlighted the benefits of biogas for the security of energy supply. Biogas is a gaseo...

The State is responsible for the reception, accommodation and integration of foreign nationals. The General Directorate for Foreign Nationals (DGEF) of the ministry of the interior is responsible for steering this policy. In the execution of its mandate, it relies mainly on a public administrative i...

In September 2017, in a report commissioned by the Prime Minister, economist Jean Pisani-Ferry considered that France was suffering from a number of structural weaknesses, including a lack of skills among its working population. He felt that this was preventing us from meeting the major economic cha...

Designated by the President of the Republic in 2017 and 2022 as a "Great National Cause", gender equality policy has been the subject of several high points, including the presentation of the "All Equal" plan in March 2023. This report highlights the differences in the life paths of women and men th...

The Mediterranean coast is an area of high socio-environmental tensions, home to almost 3.3 million people. The management of this territory, shaped by the State before the decentralising laws and then by the intervention of local authorities, is now being called into question. The local authorities...

At the dawn of the new millennium, the European Union adopted the Lisbon Strategy, aimed at making the European economy "the most dynamic and competitive knowledge-based economy in the world". Since then, support for research has played an important role in the Union's strategy, although this has no...

At the request of the National Finance Committee of the National Assembly, the Court examined the impact of recent local tax reforms on local taxpayers, households and businesses, local authorities, as well as the State and public finances as a whole. These reforms were implemented with objectives u...

In France, the national police and gendarmerie jointly carry out public safety and law enforcement duties. Since the gendarmerie became part of the Ministry of the Interior in 2009, they have been under the same political authority. The internal security forces employ 253,000 police officers and gen...

In response to the health crisis and its economic consequences, and then to the inflationary shock caused by the energy crisis, the State has provided unprecedented support to many sectors of society since 2020.